Shatkarma, also known as Shatkriya or Shatkriya, refers to a set of six cleansing techniques in the yogic tradition. These practices are designed to purify the body, balance the doshas (energetic forces in the body), and prepare the practitioner for deeper yogic practices and meditation. The term “Shatkarma” is derived from the Sanskrit words “shat,” meaning six, and “karma,” meaning action.
The six Shatkarma techniques are:
- Neti: Involves nasal cleansing using a saline solution. There are two main types of Neti: Jala Neti, which uses a neti pot and water, and Sutra Neti, which involves passing a soft thread or rubber catheter through the nostrils.
- Dhauti: Refers to cleansing techniques for the digestive tract. There are different variations of Dhauti, including Shankha Prakshalana (thorough cleansing of the entire digestive system) and Agnisar Kriya (cleansing the digestive organs through rapid abdominal contractions).
- Nauli: Involves isolating and rotating the abdominal muscles. It is believed to massage and stimulate the abdominal organs, promoting digestive health and vitality.
- Basti: Encompasses cleansing the colon using a specific technique of drawing water into the colon through the anus and then expelling it.
- Kapalabhati: While Kapalabhati is often considered a pranayama technique, it is also included in the Shatkarma practices. It involves rapid and forceful exhalations to cleanse the lungs and energize the body.
- Trataka: Focuses on concentrated gazing, typically on a fixed point, candle flame, or other objects. Trataka is considered a purification technique for the eyes and the mind.
Shatkarma practices are traditionally taught under the guidance of an experienced yoga teacher, as they require careful instruction and supervision. These cleansing techniques are believed to purify the physical and energetic aspects of the body, allowing practitioners to progress more effectively in their yogic journey. It’s important to approach Shatkarma with respect and caution, ensuring that they are practiced with awareness and in accordance with individual health conditions and limitations.